Critical Studies on the Quranic Exegesis

Critical Studies on the Quranic Exegesis

The Idea of Qawwāmīyya in Qurʾān 4: 34; Critical Study of Muslim Interpretations

Document Type : Promotional article

Author
Assistant Professor of Qom Faculty of Quranic Sciences, University of Sciences and Education of Holy Quran, Qom, Iran
Abstract
Family is one of the main institutions of human society. The topic of Maintenance(Qawwāmīyyah) is one of the topics related to the family, which is mentioned in verse 34 of Surah Al-Nisā. This verse has always been the focus of foreign commentators and has been the subject of many studies in historical periods. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the upcoming research is a methodical attempt to discover and explain the example of "consistency" from the perspective of the parties. The findings of the research show that the researched verse, with regard to the context of the preceding and following verses, is related to how men and women interact in the family environment, and determines the position of the two in the family institution, and the duty of the man. It refers to the guardianship of the family, the protection and management of the family's economic affairs. There is a difference in determining the example of guardianship among the commentators, and things such as the responsibility and management of family affairs by men, the sovereignty and dominance of men over women, the limitedness of only marital affairs and family life, and the payment of alimony and the adequacy of their affairs have been mentioned.
Keywords

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Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
September 2023
Pages 223-250

  • Receive Date 28 December 2022
  • Revise Date 13 March 2023
  • Accept Date 03 January 2023